Some mathematical problems useful for ecology

By ecology we mean here everything that could help avoid the threatening ecological disaster, in particular

• the study of climate,
• the study of biodiversity and ecosystems,
• carbon free energies (in particular solar energy, wind energy, nuclear energy),
• the storage of energy (in particular batteries and fuel cells),
• economic questions related to pollution and energetic transition, in particular ecological taxes and subsidies.

It would be very helpful to classify by mathematical speciality some difficult unsolved mathematical problems whose solution would be useful for ecology, or help physicists, chemists, biologists working on such questions to interact with mathematicians. But I am not able to do it in this webpage.
For the moment, I just give some links and a few problems which I found. I hope the list will grow larger, but this page will stay under construction.

First we indicate some general websites, and some general books and texts on Mathematics and Ecology

Then here is a list of unsolved mathematical problems whose solution would be helpful for ecology.